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The Rajneesh movement is a term used by Hugh B. Urban and other commentators to refer collectively to persons inspired by the Indian mystic Osho (formerly known as Bhagwan Shree Rajneesh, 1931–1990), particularly initiated disciples who are referred to as "neo-sannyasins" or simply "sannyasins." They used to be known as ''Rajneeshees'' or "Orange People," because of the orange and later red, maroon and pink clothes they used from 1970 until 1985. Members of the movement are sometimes called ''Oshoites'' in the Indian press.〔Abhay Vaidya (27 May 2005). (Oshoites amused by American terrorism tag ), ''Times of India''. Retrieved 2011-07-15.〕〔Sunanda Mehta (27 April 2008). (Maroon-clad Oshoites no longer endemic to city ), ''Indian Express''. Retrieved 2011-07-15.〕〔Chandran Iyer (10 June 2009). (Osho Commune 'least interested in Indians' ), ''MiD DAY''. Retrieved 2011-07-15.〕 The movement was controversial in the 1970s and 1980s, due to the founder's hostility to traditional values, first in India and later in the United States of America. In the USSR the movement was banned as being contrary to "positive aspects of Indian culture and to the aims of the youth protest movement in Western countries". These "positive aspects" were seen as being subverted by Osho, who was portrayed as a reactionary religious ideologist of the monopolistic bourgeoisie of India, promoting the ideas of the consumer society in a traditional Hindu guise.〔A. A. Tkacheva, ''Counter-culture Slogans in the System of Right Wing Radicalism in India'' (1986) (abstract )〕 In Oregon the movement's large intentional community of the early 1980s, called Rajneeshpuram, caused immediate tensions in nearby towns such as The Dalles, Oregon, at the peak of which a circle of leading members of the Rajneeshpuram Oregon commune was arrested for crimes including a deliberate food poisoning attack calculated to influence the outcome of a local election.〔 Osho was deported from the United States in 1985 for immigration violations and the movement's headquarters eventually returned to Poona (present-day Pune), India. The movement in India gradually received a more positive response from the surrounding society, especially after the founder's death in 1990. The Osho International Foundation (OIF) is managed by an "Inner Circle" set up by Osho before his death. They jointly administer Osho's estate and operate the Osho International Meditation Resort in Pune.〔 In the late 1990s, rival factions challenged OIF's copyright holdings over Osho's works and the validity of its royalty claims on publishing or reprinting of materials.〔〔(OSHO'S LEGACY; Royalty Ruckus ) originally published in ''(India Today )'' 3 July 2000. Retrieved on 7 December 2009.〕 In the United States, following a 10-year legal battle with Osho Friends International (OFI), the OIF lost its exclusive rights over the trademark OSHO in January 2009.〔 There are a number of smaller centres of the movement in India and around the world including the United States, United Kingdom, Germany, Italy and the Netherlands. ==Origins== (詳細はJabalpur University. He lectured throughout India during the 1960s, promoting meditation and the ideals of free love, a social movement based on a civil libertarian philosophy that rejects state regulation and religious interference in personal relationships; he also denounced marriage as a form of social bondage, especially for women.〔McElroy, Wendy. "The Free Love Movement and Radical Individualism." Libertarian Enterprise .19 (1996): 1.〕 He criticised socialism and Gandhi, but championed capitalism, science, technology and birth control;〔FitzGerald, Frances (29 September 1986), "Rajneeshpuram", ''The New Yorker'', p. 77.〕 warning against over-population and criticising religious teachings that promote poverty and subjection. He became known as Acharya Rajneesh, ''Acharya'' meaning "teacher or professor" and "Rajneesh" being a childhood nickname (from Sanskrit रजनि rajani, night and ईश isha, lord). By 1964 a group of wealthy backers had initiated an educational trust to support Osho and aid in the running of meditation retreats. The association formed at this time was known as Jivan Jagruti Andolan (Hindi: Life Awakening Movement). As Goldman expresses it, his rapidly growing clientele suggested "that he was an unusually talented spiritual therapist". Around this time he "acquired a business manager" from the upper echelons of Indian society, Laxmi Thakarsi Kuruwa, a politically well-connected woman who would function as his personal secretary and organisational chief. She became Osho's first sannyasin,〔Goldman, Marion S. (2005), page 119.〕 taking the name Ma Yoga Laxmi. Laxmi, the daughter of a key supporter of the Nationalist Congress Party, with close ties to Gandhi, Nehru and Morarji Desai, retained this role for almost 15 years. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Rajneesh movement」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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